Brain Healthy Diet

According to the most current research, a brain-healthy diet is one that reduces the risk of heart disease and diabetes, encourages good blood flow to the brain, and is low in fat and cholesterol. Like the heart, the brain needs the right balance of nutrients, including protein and sugar, to function well. A brain-healthy diet is most effective when combined with physical and mental activity and social interaction.

Manage your body weight for overall good health of brain and body. A long-term study of 1,500 adults found that those who were obese in middle age were twice as likely to develop dementia in later life. Those who also had high cholesterol and high blood pressure had six times the risk of dementia. Adopt an overall food lifestyle, rather than a short-term diet, and eat in moderation.

Reduce your intake of foods high in fat and cholesterol. Studies have shown that high intake of saturated fat and cholesterol clogs the arteries and is associated with higher risk for Alzheimer’s disease. However, HDL (or “good”) cholesterol may help protect brain cells. Use mono- and polyunsaturated fats, such as olive oil, for example. Try baking or grilling food instead of frying.

Increase your intake of protective foods. Current research suggests that certain foods may reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke, and appear to protect brain cells.

• In general, dark-skinned fruits and vegetables have the highest levels of naturally occurring antioxidant levels. Such vegetables include: kale, spinach, brussels sprouts, alfalfa sprouts, broccoli, beets, red bell pepper, onion, corn and eggplant. Fruits with high antioxidant levels include prunes, raisins, blueberries, blackberries, strawberries, raspberries, plums, oranges, red grapes and cherries.
  
  
• Cold water fish contain beneficial omega-3 fatty acids: halibut, mackerel, salmon, trout and tuna.
  
  
• Some nuts can be a useful part of your diet; almonds, pecans and walnuts are a good source of vitamin E, an antioxidant.

Not enough information is available to indicate what quantities of these foods might be most beneficial for brain health. For example, it is not clear how much fruit would have to be consumed to have a detectable benefit. However, a study of elderly women showed that those who ate the most green, leafy and cruciferous vegetables in the group were one to two years younger in mental function than women who ate few of these vegetables.

Vitamins may be helpful. There is some indication that vitamins, such as vitamin E, or vitamins E and C together, vitamin B12 and folate may be important in lowering your risk of developing Alzheimer’s. A brain-healthy diet will help increase your intake of these vitamins and the trace elements necessary for the body to use them effectively.

Stay Mentally Active

Stay Mentally Active

Mental decline as you age appears to be largely due to altered connections among brain cells. But research has found that keeping the brain active seems to increase its vitality and may build its reserves of brain cells and connections. You could even generate new brain cells.

Low levels of education have been found to be related to a higher risk of Alzheimer’s later in life. This may be due to a lower level of life-long mental stimulation. Put another way, higher levels of education appear to be somewhat protective against Alzheimer’s, possibly because brain cells and their connections are stronger. Well-educated individuals can still get Alzheimer’s, but symptoms may appear later because of this protective effect.

You don’t have to turn your life upside down, or make extreme changes to achieve many of these benefits. Start with something small, like a daily walk. After a while, add another small change

Keep your brain active every day:

• Stay curious and involved — commit to lifelong learning
• Read, write, work crossword or other puzzles
• Attend lectures and plays
• Enroll in courses at your local adult education center, community college or other community group
• Play games
• Garden
• Try memory exercises

Are you at increased risk for Alzheimer's?

Yesterday on the news, it was reported that people who have round bellies will have a 4% higher chance of getting Dementia. So I thought I would encourage you all to get out there and walk a bit. ME INCLUDED!

Here are some other tips to keeping your brain healthy!

Think About Your Future.
Maintain Your Brain Today.

When people think about staying fit, they generally think from the neck down. But the health of your brain plays a critical role in almost everything you do: thinking, feeling, remembering, working, and playing – even sleeping.

The good news is that we now know there’s a lot you can do to help keep your brain healthier as you age. These steps might also reduce your risk of Alzheimer’s disease or other dementia.

Simple lifestyle modifications also would have an enormous impact on our nation's public health and the cost of healthcare. If you make brain-healthy lifestyle changes and take action by getting involved, we could realize a future without Alzheimer's disease.

Make brain-healthy life choices

Like other parts of your body, your brain may lose some agility as you get older. It can deteriorate even more if you don’t take care of it. Science is unlocking many of the mysteries of the brain, but we don’t have all the answers yet. You can do everything “right” and still not prevent Alzheimer’s disease. What’s offered here is the best and most up-to-date information available so that you can make your own decisions about your health.

Stay mentally active Mentally stimulating activities strengthen brain cells and the connections between them, and may even create new nerve cells.

Remain socially active Social activity not only makes physical and mental activity more enjoyable, it can reduce stress levels, which helps maintain healthy connections among brain cells

Stay physically active Physical exercise is essential for maintaining good blood flow to the brain as well as to encourage new brain cells. It also can significantly reduce the risk of heart attack, stroke and diabetes, and thereby protect against those risk factors for Alzheimer's and other dementias.

Adopt a brain-healthy diet Research suggests that high cholesterol may contribute to stroke and brain cell damage. A low fat, low cholesterol diet is advisable. And there is growing evidence that a diet rich in dark vegetables and fruits, which contain antioxidants, may help protect brain cells.

Disease and risk factors you can’t control

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia – brain disorders that affect your ability to function effectively in daily living. Well-established risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease are genetics and aging (10 percent of those over age 65 and 50 percent of those over 85 have Alzheimer’s). Unfortunately, aging and genetics are two risk factors you can’t control.

It’s not known what causes Alzheimer’s disease or what role genetics plays in most cases of Alzheimer’s, though having parents or siblings with the disease increases your risk. A small percentage of cases is known to be caused by inherited mutated genes. In other cases, variants of specific genes increase risk, but even people who inherit such variants from both parents still may not get the disease. These risk factors that you cannot change will set a starting point for you, but there is hope that adopting the Maintain Your Brain® life habits might delay or prevent the appearance of Alzheimer’s disease.

It seems like I can't take my mom anywhere!

Q: I always pick my mom up from her care home and bring her to family get
togethers, , but lately she has been getting so upset. What should I do? I
don’t want to leave mom out.

A:Anything that takes a person with Alzheimer’s out of their daily routine will throw them off track somewhat.

But if you are getting a catastrophic response or a lot negative feed back perhaps you should consider this. There comes a point when a family member needs to ask, is this activity for me or for mom/dad? If your loved one gets agitated at outings perhaps the stimulus is too great for them to deal with.

If you want to have interaction try activities that they are familiar with like, activities from their daily routine, such as talking to them while you are brushing their hair or polishing their nails. I have even found that a lot of my clients enjoy reading a simple children’s book.

With activities like these they get the benefit of a visit without all of the excessive stimuli. They will also get the benefit from touch that they need so much. God bless you in caring for your mom.

Crazy?

Dementia - Topic Overview

Is this topic for you?

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia. This topic focuses on other conditions that cause dementia. For more information on Alzheimer’s, see the topic Alzheimer's Disease.

What is dementia?

We all forget things as we get older. Many older people have a slight loss of memory that does not affect their daily lives. But memory loss that gets worse may mean that you have dementia.

Dementia is a loss of mental skills that affects your daily life. It can cause problems with your memory and how well you can think and plan. Usually dementia gets worse over time. How long this takes is different for each person. Some people stay the same for years. Others lose skills quickly.

Your chances of having dementia rise as you get older. But this does not mean that everyone will get it. Many older adults never get it. By age 85, about 35 out of 100 people have it.¹ That means that 65 out of 100 people this age do not have dementia. And after age 85, even more people will get dementia.

If you or a loved one has memory loss that is getting worse, see your doctor. It may be nothing to worry about. If it is dementia, treatment may help.

What causes dementia?

Dementia is caused by damage to or changes in the brain. Things that can cause dementia include:

• Strokes, tumors, or head injuries. After Alzheimer's disease, strokes are the most common cause of dementia. This type of dementia is called vascular dementia.
• Diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and frontotemporal dementia.

In a few cases, dementia is caused by a problem that can be treated. Examples include having an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism), not getting enough vitamin B12, and fluid buildup in the brain (normal-pressure hydrocephalus). In these cases, treating the problem may cure the dementia.

In some people, depression can cause memory loss that seems like dementia. Depression can be treated.

As you age, medicines may affect you more. Taking some medicines together may cause symptoms that look like dementia. Be sure your doctor knows about all of the medicines you take. This means all prescription medicines and all over-the-counter medicines, herbs, vitamins, and supplements.

What are the symptoms?

Usually the first symptom is memory loss. Often the person who has a memory problem does not notice it, but family and friends do. As dementia gets worse:

• You may have more trouble doing things that take planning, like making a list and going shopping.
• You may have trouble using or understanding words.
• You may get lost in places you know well.

Over time, people with dementia may begin to act very different. They may become scared and strike out at others, or they may become clingy and childlike. They may stop brushing their teeth or bathing.

(Part One)

Terry Pratchett

Terry Pratchett has addressed an open letter to his fans (on Paul Kidby's Discworld News) with some genuinely awful news -- he has a rare form of early-onset Alzheimer's. His note is incredibly brave and chipper. The man's a real inspiration -- incredibly prolific, brilliant and talented, friendly and clearly as happy as anything with where he's found himself.

Folks,

I would have liked to keep this one quiet for a little while, but because of upcoming conventions and of course the need to keep my publishers informed, it seems to me unfair to withhold the news. I have been diagnosed with a very rare form of early onset Alzheimer's, which lay behind this year's phantom "stroke".

We are taking it fairly philosophically down here and possibly with a mild optimism. For now work is continuing on the completion of Nation and the basic notes are already being laid down for Unseen Academicals. All other things being equal, I expect to meet most current and, as far as possible, future commitments but will discuss things with the various organisers. Frankly, I would prefer it if people kept things cheerful, because I think there's time for at least a few more books yet :o)

Terry Pratchett

PS I would just like to draw attention to everyone reading the above that this should be interpreted as 'I am not dead'. I will, of course, be dead at some future point, as will everybody else. For me, this maybe further off than you think - it's too soon to tell. I know it's a very human thing to say "Is there anything I can do", but in this case I would only entertain offers from very high-end experts in brain chemistry.


I wanted to share this because I thought the PS in this letter was - although sad- a classic/funny response.

Here is some more information on Terry Pratchett

Terence David John Pratchett, OBE (born 28 April 1948) is a British fantasy, science fiction and children's author. He is best known for his popular and long-running Discworld series of comic fantasy novels. Pratchett's first novel, The Carpet People, was published in 1971, and since his first Discworld novel (The Colour of Magic) was published in 1983, he has written two books a year on average. Pratchett is also known for close collaboration on adaptations of his books but has held back from Discworld feature films so far.

Pratchett was the UK's best-selling author of the 1990s,and as of December 2007 has sold more than 55 million books worldwide, with translations made in 33 languages. He is currently the second most-read writer in the UK, and seventh most-read non-US author in the U.S. In 2001 he won the Carnegie Medal for his children's novel The Amazing Maurice and his Educated Rodents.

Despite his popularity, Pratchett is often described as having a ‘cult following’ - a factor seen as having, in the past, hindered his literary recognition. Pratchett, who was named an Officer of the Order of the British Empire "for services to literature" in 1998, holds the record for the most shoplifted books in Britain. Source is Wikipedia.

Reversable Dementia's

Reversible Dementias

Deteriorating intellectual capacity may be caused by a variety of diseases and disorders in older persons. An illness and/or a reaction to medication may cause a change in mental status. These are sometimes called “pseudodementias.” Detecting the underlying cause of changes through medical evaluation may lead to a determination that the cause is reversible or treatable. Examples of conditions that can cause reversible symptoms of dementia include:

• Reactions to medications. Adverse drug reactions are one of the most common reasons older persons experience symptoms that mimic dementia. All medications, prescriptions, over-the-counter pills and herbal remedies should be monitored by a physician to reduce the possibility of side effects.
• Endocrine abnormalities. The conditions of low or high thyroid levels, parathyroid disturbances or adrenal abnormalities can cause confusion that mimics dementia.
• Metabolic disturbances. Confusion or appetite, sleep and emotional changes can be caused by medical conditions including renal and liver failure, electrolyte imbalances (blood chemistry levels), hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), hypercalcemia (high calcium), and diseases of the liver and pancreas.
• Emotional Distress. Depression or major life changes such retirement, divorce or loss of a loved one can affect one’s physical and mental health. A physician should be informed about major stressful life events.
• Vision and Hearing. Undetected problems of vision or hearing may result in inappropriate responses and be misinterpreted. Hearing and eye exams should be performed.
• Infections. Confusion can be a symptom of an infection and needs to be brought to the attention of the physician.
• Nutritional Deficiencies. Deficiencies of B vitamins (folate, niacin, riboflavin and thiamine) can produce cognitive impairment.

If you or your loved one are having difficulties with memory it is best that you consult your doctor and not self diagnose. I wanted to list these as possible causes.

Washington State Adult Family Homes

As a long-term care consultant for seniors and their families I have visited many different types of facilities. But my favorite type of facility to visit is adult family homes.

There are over 2200 adult family homes in Washington State. Adult family homes have many things in common, but are each unique in their individual decor' and house size. Some are ultra fancy, some are tailored for country type folk, while some are modern and are bursting with color.

Each provider, like the differences you find in the decor of the homes is individual in their personalities. Some are laid back, others are very vivacious, you will find that some are calm, quiet houses, while others team with activity.


When you enter an adult family home the first thing you will notice is that the Adult family home smells wonderful. They take pride in making delicious homemade meals. Often times when you come into the homes you’ll be greeted by the aroma of fresh baked bread, rolls, or muffins, not to mention the varieties of home made soups, baked chicken, roasts or casseroles, whose fragrance fill the air.

Adult family homes do not have overwhelming chemical smells like nursing homes. They have a smaller ratio of clients to serve and clients are cared for in a much timelier manner, reducing odors.

Since caregiver ratio is much smaller than in traditional institutional settings. (The caregiver to client ratio is 1:5 or 1:6) This gives the caregiver and the client much more individualized time together. Careful personalized attention can be given to the individual senior living in this care setting. Bathing, dressing, putting on lotion and powders, not to mention the warmed up bathroom and the occasional dryer warmed towels, for the client are all done in a manner that preserves the seniors dignity. Often times I hear caregivers laughing with their residents while giving them a shower, I have even heard some singing.

Many seniors bring their furniture from home, pictures from their living room walls, bedspreads, photo albums, their own beds even. Having a piece of home with them helps them to feel more at home. I have been in several adult family homes that even paint the rooms the residents’ favorite color. Of coarse the amount of furniture you can bring depends on the size of the room.

Seniors don't have to share rooms in adult family homes. But if they choose to do so, adult family home providers are careful to ensure that there is a good match with the roommate. If you prefer your own private bathroom some adult family homes offer those too.

Activities in the home are individualized to meet each senior’s preferences. Some seniors enjoy more activities and are encouraged to visit the senior centers, go on outings, attend church, or other social clubs, do light cooking and gardening. While other seniors enjoy a good book, watching TV, visiting with the caregivers (there is actually a lot of time for this) or just watching the birds through the kitchen window.

Caregivers have a chance to get to know each client’s individual tastes. If a client doesn't particularly like roast beef, accommodations will be made. You don't find nursing homes that will change a meal based on a single client’s wish. Many adult family homes have their residents help with the menu planning, so everyone gets to participate. Snacks are purchased with the specific individuals in mind. Each aspect of the care is tailored to the individual.

Perhaps the most important thing of all is that caregivers are with your loved one for more than just a shift. There is continuity of care. The person, who manages your loved ones care in the home, is more than likely the one who sleeps in the bedroom right next to them at night. The relationship becomes more personalized. Changes in the clients’ status are detected earlier, because a caregiver has taken time to notice. The staff turnover is very minimal. A senior feels more comfortable confiding health problems with a friend rather than a staff member that he doesn't really know.

I could continue, because there are so many more things that make an adult family home a wonderful choice for long term care. If you have any questions please feel free to contact us.

I hope this helps! ~Dutchy

Nursing homes rake in the money/but provide less care!

Here is a letter that I received from an adult family home provider in Washington State...I sure wish there were more I could do to help!

Renee,

I came across your article describing AFH's and felt that you painted the correct picture of our industry. I and the other 200 or so Providers here in Eastern WA wish our legislators in Olympia had the same vision of what we do and would be willing to fund us. I'm afraid most AFH's will shut down or stop taking state pay clients all together in the next 2 years because of funding. I have attached a flier for you to look at and ask for your support in contacting the 3 people in long term care funding who will decide if we stay or go.

I received my first AFH license in 1988 as an undergraduate at Gonzaga University and the minimum rate was around $28, today it is at $48. Nursing homes today receive between $160-260 a day with resident to staff ratios of 15:1. I don't have to tell you that between our low ratios of 3.3:1 and the high level of commitment that Providers have in operating a caring and loving home, AFH's are trully a sanctuary for those residents we serve.

With decisions being made in the next few weeks, the time is short for Providers to ask for help. 2 decades of nonfunding from Olympia have left Providers stretched to the breaking point. I have personally spoken to 94 Providers in the last 2 weeks and we are all in the same unfortunate situation.

If you and anyone you know can lend a voice to our cause, all 2200 AFH's would be grateful.

Mark Strahl
AFH Provider
Spokane

Agitation

A person with Alzheimer's may feel anxious or agitated. He or she may become restless and need to move around or pace. Or the person may become upset in certain places or focused on specific details. He or she may become over-reliant on a certain caregiver for attention and direction.
Causes of agitation

Agitation may be caused by a number of different medical conditions and drug interactions or by any circumstances that worsen the person’s ability to think. Situations that may lead to agitation include:

* Moving to a new residence or nursing home

* Changes in the environment or change in caregiver

* Misperceived threats

* Fear and fatigue resulting from trying to make sense out of a confusing world

Treating agitation

A person with agitation should receive a thorough medical checkup, especially when it comes on suddenly. The treatment of agitation depends on a careful diagnosis, determining the possible causes and the types of agitated behavior the person is experiencing. With proper treatment and intervention, the agitation symptoms can be reduced.

There are two distinct types of treatments for agitation: behavioral interventions and prescription medications. Behavioral treatments should be tried first. In general, steps to managing agitation include (1) identifying the behavior (2) understanding its cause and (3) knowing how to respond.
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Preventing agitation

To prevent or reduce agitation:

* Create a calm environment. Remove stressors, triggers or danger; move person to a safer or quieter place; offer rest or privacy; limit caffeine use; provide opportunity for exercise; develop soothing rituals; and use gentle reminders.

* Avoid environmental triggers. Noise, glare, insecure space and too much background distraction, including television.

* Monitor personal comfort: Check for pain, hunger, thirst, constipation, full bladder, fatigue, infections and skin irritation; ensure a comfortable temperature; be sensitive to fears, misperceived threats and frustration with expressing what is wanted.

* Simplify tasks and routines.


Identify triggers

Identifying what has triggered agitation can often help in choosing the best response to the behavior. Often the trigger is a change in the person’s environment:

* change in caregiver

* change in living arrangements

* travel

* hospitalization

* presence of house guests

* bathing

* being asked to change clothing

How to respond

* Listen to the frustration. Find out what may be causing the agitation, and try to understand

* Provide reassurance. Use calming phrases such "You’re safe here." "I’m sorry that you are upset." "I will stay until you feel better."

* Involve the person in activities. Try using art, music or other activities to help the person relax.

* Modify the environment. Decrease noise and distractions, or move to another place.

* Find outlets for the person's energy. The person may be looking for something to do. Take a walk, or go for a car ride.

* Check yourself. If the person is agitated, do not raise your voice, and do not corner, restrain, criticize, ignore, argue with or shame the person.

Helpful website where I found this information